Meet the American who invented light beer
Joseph L. Owades, the son of working-class Jewish immigrants who escaped Europe shortly before ethnic turmoil ignited World War I, enjoyed an unlikely career reinventing the way Americans drink beer.
Not once, but twice.
His claim to fame? That he was, and still is, America's greatest brewer.
Here is the story of the American who invented light beer — and helped create craft brewing as we know it today.
The brilliant biochemist Owades (1919-2005) turned centuries of brewing know-how upside down in the 1960s when he developed a revolutionary process for brewing full-flavored beer with fewer carbohydrates and calories.
Light beer is what we now call his creation.
"Tastes great. Less filling" — that's how the cultural-landmark Miller Lite marketing campaign of the 1970s and '80s famously summed up his innovation.
Today, light beer accounts for about 40% of all beer consumed across the nation, according to Beer Marketer's Insights.
"He lived long enough to see light beer become a national phenomenon," his son Stephen Owades, an MIT-educated musician in Cambridge, Mass., told Fox News Digital in a phone interview.
For an encore in the 1980s, Owades provided his brewing expertise to a generation of young entrepreneurs eager to make small-batch American beer but lacking the expertise.
Anchor Brewing, Samuel Adams, the former Pete’s Wicked brand — each on the list of the earliest, most successful and most influential craft breweries — were among the companies that hired Owades to pair his technical precision with their passion.
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America now boasts more than 9,000 craft breweries, thanks largely to the success of these Owades-aided pioneers.
"He was present at the creation" of craft brewing, Boston Beer Company (Samuel Adams) founder Jim Koch boasted to Fox News Digital in an interview.
Koch called Owades "a mentor."
When Owades passed away in 2005, Koch flew across the country to speak at the funeral in Sonoma, Calif. — and named one of Boston Beer Co.'s large aging cellars in honor of the American brewing titan.
"He was our brewfather. The first. The only. The best," said Koch.
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The late beer-making genius is a legend in the brewing industry, though largely unknown to the millions of consumers who each day enjoy the beer and beer styles he helped formulate.
Simon and Gussie (Horn) Owades, Joseph’s parents, met and married in New York City, according to Stephen Owades. Simon arrived at Ellis Island in 1905, Gussie around the same period.
They held passports from the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, though the area in which they lived is now part of Ukraine. They were not Ukrainian, however, said their grandson Stephen.
"They were Jews from The Pale" — a multinational area of Eastern Europe before World War I generally tolerant of Jews, but largely impoverished.
Many of them fled for the United States to escape persecution and poverty and seek better opportunities for their children.
Joseph Owades fulfilled those dreams of his immigrant, Yiddish-speaking parents.
Simon Owades fed the family by working as a cloth cutter in New York City’s robust but labor-intensive garment industry. His working-class immigrant heritage helped fuel his son’s career as a scientist.
"He was a hands-on, industrial guy," Pete’s Wicked Ale founder Pete Slosberg told Fox News Digital this week.
"I call him the hired gun of the craft beer industry."
Being poor and Jewish in pre-World War II America meant there were few available seats in the Ivy League or other elite institutions of higher learning.
The brilliant young Owades might have gone to Harvard or Yale — but "educational opportunities for Jews faced quotas at this point," said Koch.
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Staring at limited prospects in the 1930s, Owades, who attended New York City public schools, moved on to higher education at City College of New York, Gotham’s low-cost public university.
He later earned his PhD from the former Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and embarked on a career in food science. Among other achievements, he became an expert in yeast, essential to beer-making, for Fleischmann's Yeast.
He then become an executive at Rheingold Brewery in Brooklyn, which dominated the New York City beer market for much of the 20th century.
At Rheingold, Owades had his eureka moment.
He discovered that brewing beer with an enzyme called amyloglucosidase "breaks down the sugars that the natural enzymes [in the brewing process] cannot," Koch explained.
Yeast eats sugar during fermentation, converting it into alcohol. The enzyme Owades used gobbled up more of the sugars — meaning fewer calories but more alcohol.
More alcohol proved no problem. The beer could be reduced down to typical beer-strength of around 4%-5% alcohol by adding carbonated water, said Koch.
So Owades not only invented a new reduced-calorie beer — he instantly saved money and boosted productivity.
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"Instead of spending $600 million on a new brewery, you could spend $100 million on high-speed bottling lines and double the capacity of a brewery," said Koch.
Rheingold executives failed to capitalize on the innovation. They promoted the beer tepidly as a low-calorie alternative to traditional beer — "It doesn’t taste like it doesn’t fill you up" read one poorly worded ad.
"So what's it taste like?" posited another awkward promo.
And they meekly offered this product from a safe distance.
Rheingold created a shadow company called Forrest Street Brewing and marketed the new brew as Gablinger’s Beer to avoid sullying the flagship brand name.
"They were afraid of the blowback," said Stephen Owades. He recalls as a teenager watching dad’s Gablinger’s Beer, under the code name Jupiter, being blind taste-tested against Rheingold’s flagship lager at the 1964 New York World’s Fair in Queens.
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"The consensus was that Gablinger’s scored higher than Rheingold. Significantly higher," said the younger Owades.
New Yorkers apparently loved the taste of the low-calorie beer. But "Rheingold couldn’t sell it," said the son.
The beer never quite captured the assertive image traditionally associated with and coveted by largely male beer drinkers.
Owades, facing no objection from Rheingold following the failure of Gablinger’s, brought the light beer concept to Peter Hand Brewing of Chicago.
There, it was marketed as Meister Brau Lite, a low-calorie version of their flagship brand Meister Brau.
It slowly built a cult following among working-class enclaves of the still heavily industrialized Midwest — as Miller Brewing executives allegedly learned in the course of their due diligence while purchasing Meister Brau Lite in 1972.
"Meister Brau Lite wasn’t doing well," said Koch. "Except there was an anomaly. It was doing well in the blue-collar bars on the South Side of Chicago — White Sox territory."
Similar versions of the story cite other working-class communities in the region.
The Miller execs asked men at the bar why they liked Meister Brau Lite.
"Because it tastes great and has less filling, they said," according to Koch. "The light bulb went off from there."
The new owners rebranded the product Miller Lite and threw the full weight of their marketing muscle behind Owades' innovation, most notably with an ad campaign featuring a who’s who of macho male celebrities and athletes of the era.
Former NFL star Bubba Smith starred in one early ad, touting his brawn on the football field before effortlessly ripping the top off a can of Miller Lite with his massive, meaty paw.
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Legendary Chicago Bears tough guy Dick Butkus starred alongside Smith in another spot, growling, "We’re not just a couple animals who can only play football."
The campaign developed the pithy tagline "Tastes great. Less filling" — as athletes, celebrities and fans argued in a series of ads over Miller Lite's greatest quality.
In the 1980s, sports fans in packed arenas across the country began parroting the debate by the tens of thousands. One half of the ballpark yelled "Tastes great!" — while the other half barked back, "Less filling!"
It was marketing gold. Miller Lite had gone viral.
Owades' innovation had finally met its moment.
America embraced the more muscular image of his reduced-calorie beer and never looked back.
The other big breweries quickly joined the light beer movement.
Today, the top-three selling beer brands in the U.S. are Bud Light, Miller Lite and Coors Light. Light beer remains a largely American phenomenon, say industry experts.
Owades, ironically, was not a beer drinker.
"He didn’t love alcoholic beverages as a concept," said his son. "To him, it was an interesting science problem to solve. He had an expert palate and nose. But he was not somebody who loved beer."
Yet generations of Americans have loved — and still love — the beer he created.
To read more stories in this unique "Meet the American Who…" series from Fox News Digital, click here.
Original article source: Meet the American who invented light beer
